Potential Use of Constructed Wetland Systems for Rural Sanitation and Wastewater Reuse in Agriculture in the Moroccan Context

Located in a semi-arid to arid region, Morocco is confronting increasing water scarcity challenges. In the circular economy paradigm, reuse of treated wastewater agriculture currently considered possible solution mitigate shortage and pollution problems. recent years, has made significative progress urban treatment under National Wastewater Program (PNA). However, rural sanitation undergone significant delays. Therefore, an alternative technology for areas investigated this review, considering region’s economic, social, regulatory characteristics. Constructed wetlands (CWs) are simple, sustainable, cost-effective that yet be fully explored Morocco. CWs, indeed, appear suitable remote if they can produce effluent meets standards agricultural irrigation. 29 studies covering 16 countries different types were collected studied assess efficiency CWs design operational parameters, as well their potential application reuse. The results demonstrated removal conventional contamination such organic matter suspended solids generally high. also remarkable capacity remove heavy metals emerging contaminants pharmaceuticals, care products, etc. microbial contamination, on other hand, challenging, does not satisfy all time. it improved using hybrid constructed or by adding polishing treatment. addition, several reported managed met requirements organisations including